正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：6 Q! y! ^" ?5 H7 I7 i
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
$ k3 r2 b8 t8 T0 e4 s 2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
! ?5 N: i1 C8 L7 W U k 3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)' c/ Q6 A3 s3 M$ X+ Y4 J7 U
4. Background1 D9 C& K+ j: p2 A* O2 U
4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)% w; n1 R7 ?# b4 E$ j `9 f
4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
. H- @ ^0 @4 m/ [* V6 H6 l4 s! M 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.* \* x2 B% D4 h/ g/ C, [
5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.). J" ~3 \: S% @. H
6. Summary (1 slide)
* }, J6 G, M- F4 r! v+ V! Z3 B 7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.7 k4 C9 _- F6 y
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)' h C( o( ?) Q# Y' q' a3 S& J5 P/ _
1 |$ _! F- k2 }9 ^6 V' v# ~* N: y简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
4 c( }* ~& W# H 2. Motivation (1 slide)
( b% Y/ f) h8 D' w6 Y 3. Background (1 slide)2 X) S" ]9 z6 d1 _. i9 e) \
4. Hypothesis (1 slide). l; d/ l3 Z& m
5. Results (8 slides)
$ ^: O2 r; k& ` L1 u- K 6. Conclusion (1 slide)7 p ^! f4 H* g% R% A6 a6 U
7. Future Work (1 slide)
$ X+ Z. M: t, `: P 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
0 G9 m$ T( v" v! _, r6 I( a) j" _ 9. Backup Slides2 d/ f/ ?% i$ }! C! B4 E6 ^6 ^
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举个例子：' p1 p$ D$ H0 x2 A: F# A; ?5 I
, K& X% z" Z% e5 q! H6 D" f（1）原则
I4 z+ e' x% ~首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
6 E7 ]7 y. B3 J# \" a8 `As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...; E: p! j6 g2 M' S5 H
... Never over-estimate your audience...
) x! n' @; r! L# s; C$ d& _0 E( V是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。
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5 y4 r5 f& `/ H& i' {（2）结构! N" ] {; X4 g2 ~6 ^5 \
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：8 u: d8 T( u8 a! G! S# C3 N
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1. x4 p1 C& S/ S' e
以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：' g$ ~9 F: }: W& E/ i4 l
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide): N p$ J4 r. q. V9 M! h7 n. N" o/ O
2. Motivation (1 slide)" m. }4 [/ U" B3 Z+ ]
3. Background (1 slide)
+ w3 U9 N$ C8 \) }2 A# L6 o 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
& O" a9 k% d9 C2 r( h* Q 5. Results (8 slides)
+ ?4 P w: B% W7 l' q5 w8 M 6. Conclusion (1 slide)
9 ~, P1 r5 N# ]& m 7. Future Work (1 slide)' j q( E& x, Y7 k! k3 j
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)0 ?1 B6 H8 L! b5 Z5 t0 F
9. Backup Slides7 h8 u3 C5 g7 I4 w4 v" F. G
9 b, v3 P% u" W9 _( J4 _' a U, Z( `几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：, C/ S4 s9 T, W; D) i9 m6 o- _
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。6 i$ t7 U2 W1 [2 W3 U
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
& J2 B$ [3 t* a0 @c. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。9 L9 A5 N+ f, _6 E) t8 R. j: V) o2 a
d. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。; H, y! l2 b. N) W" r
6 j1 z8 t4 i1 d; g（3）讲故事/ ?' Y3 R* W! X8 `+ G
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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（4）风格
; {; w4 W" z* T1 p$ }, ~/ y我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
, }* p8 I" p+ ^2 n4 @6 A& z1 B同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
( F {& p3 C; K# i D6 C( Xa. 字体: Aria narrow.$ H# d7 p G& y
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18 a* U( C: b' i) n3 l& k: k4 E
b.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字
( v* Z" w: L. n R: Tc. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。
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（5）画图/ D3 W' [+ Y: _& g# y) F
因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明： I. ]2 d. M) t7 j7 E3 Z0 _
www.52ocean.cn5 e% `! k, @3 {- G- T! f
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Ref：www.52ocean.cn
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