正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:
9 s' V9 V% |- _" D- Z! F1 C2 _8 J8 c 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)* D0 R; |4 J* a7 B% r$ n* x1 n
2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)/ F0 d( s' d [+ y' G0 `
3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
' t' O% A s2 Q- l$ L 4. Background
- N& {3 a9 l% m' T4 K- B 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)9 h* o+ n. q* ^ o9 |0 A8 x
4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.9 [, a: X# y) z1 I6 T
4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
1 u5 H: p3 B3 | h; }" W 5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
* c7 B* C+ w& ~# F) `8 j+ F) P 6. Summary (1 slide)1 a8 N, K7 ?+ g' V9 E; D
7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.
+ |9 N* n& N5 D2 ^- E 8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)" u! d3 P- o: m0 H3 ^& r
/ @2 n# {1 L- i: q. t简洁版: 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
. g4 p$ `* l c# m! y% K: i 2. Motivation (1 slide)4 s# o! n& l i. [( G7 ~9 @
3. Background (1 slide)
6 b" T4 ]4 I- a7 g+ b( _ 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
# X% }5 x6 X8 q# p1 M$ B9 l 5. Results (8 slides)8 R8 R- d4 A& E: J" g8 `
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
i% w+ {! O7 [ 7. Future Work (1 slide)
L7 E/ I: W" y i- e* W8 C/ a, i 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
: X+ a- |, e+ K; \- d9 v 9. Backup Slides
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5 t |0 T) I2 M4 Q2 M& B n) d举个例子:
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0 ]: R3 [. }+ X; g! _(1)原则/ {$ Z4 g, h; \/ `# u3 Z
首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:
* a$ P( R7 P/ Z3 U6 F; XAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
9 p% `, l! z$ ?... Never over-estimate your audience...
2 @; p$ U9 g- {3 v是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。
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5 H2 e5 b) u- e4 | N# L/ l(2)结构
, e. y1 p4 y+ b; I- J0 Q我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:
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. J5 x" h6 _! c2 G% [以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:
9 P! C/ t# h( F9 D9 B8 p& E 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
2 d8 q ]) F. ?' X \( N0 C5 o6 Z4 {) G# V 2. Motivation (1 slide)
0 J* I4 |2 E8 `/ U5 _9 k 3. Background (1 slide)) q, g$ ]: f/ t n7 E% R$ {
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)% j) c q+ V& y8 E. E
5. Results (8 slides)
4 X6 {. X7 @) H, w8 i1 Q 6. Conclusion (1 slide)
3 w3 r3 ^7 x6 N% n( b 7. Future Work (1 slide); [: o* l$ s |# q8 Z9 w
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
6 E, i, w' K: K2 ]% D& j5 D 9. Backup Slides+ P7 t* r4 s4 d4 D
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:- `/ ]+ V( Q0 Q! E+ W4 U% D0 o
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。* ~) u' p* B: ^% p8 _ s
b. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。 D5 O9 Q: |3 X; ^+ F
c. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。
) j" v; \( \# L& cd. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。0 m; l3 Y9 d. M
8 Z$ Y+ x$ s$ c/ A(3)讲故事
! |1 t# c7 ~( P. _+ F也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。4 A% J P5 Q. o# g0 Z4 s: H
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我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。" o8 g' b% J# p# y
同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:
5 m- Q2 g/ R- Y# l. o1 Q; za. 字体: Aria narrow., `* f, y K& P; x8 k" @
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
* L% l) h4 K( C( X, x; h' [b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字+ [! [1 W4 T& R' K# T# b* {
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事。) J" E9 ?9 m' ]9 u; a
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(5)画图
% U3 j9 H) F9 ?因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:5 J! ~6 \/ O' O7 d& Z
www.52ocean.cn
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