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原标题:如何保护鲸鱼免受船只伤害,看看智利交出的答卷! % |, n0 R3 K. Z& z
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A device floating in waters off the coast of southern Chile aims to collect data on nearby whales to protect them from passing ships. * Z# V& ~6 i! }( x$ P8 ^) N
智利南部海岸附近水域漂浮着一个装置,该装置旨在收集附近鲸鱼的数据,以保护它们免受过往船只的伤害。
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7 a7 G* `9 l) Z) A The first electronic buoy was recently placed in the sea in the Gulf of Corcovado, about 1,100 kilometers from the capital, Santiago.
8 O8 I' H7 t- U/ X z7 B6 h8 E 第一个电子浮标最近被放置在距离智利首都圣地亚哥约1100公里的科尔科瓦多湾。 + d( F) Y: ]1 R
The device is designed to listen to the sounds whales make when they communicate with each other.
$ r6 G6 `9 ?; W+ {; V- Q 该设备旨在监听鲸鱼相互交流时发出的声音。
( I$ j! O& ^& f' g! T The animals use sound to map their movements and to hunt. . n& o+ ?) d# [, r( [( s
这种动物使用声音来记录它们的行动图,并进行狩猎。 4 ]% q1 r( [3 d+ P2 U; I8 u
The sounds are processed by artificial intelligence (AI)-powered computer systems in an effort to identify where the animals are.
$ c: ]" x! I7 m5 [0 d 这些声音由人工智能(AI)驱动的计算机系统处理,以努力确定动物的位置。
8 H* J0 n0 N8 N: W0 d0 y This information is then sent to shipping operators to help them avoid crashing into whales.
: a( v0 U4 d: j4 N# _: N 这些信息随后被发送给航运运营商,以帮助他们避免撞到鲸鱼。
8 P; D( P; `* W6 v A non-profit organization called the Blue Boat Initiative put the buoy in place. 5 O1 C3 w; f+ a" c) @+ l
该浮标由一个名为“蓝船倡议”的非营利组织安装。
, g4 w g5 K" ~( U The group seeks to develop and deploy technology tools to provide a warning system for shipping companies. & f* z, s) G+ K. p8 T) A# {$ O
该组织寻求开发和部署技术工具,为航运公司提供预警系统。 S( X X. Y) R6 [" Z: E9 H
In addition to helping protect whales, the "smart" buoy also collects data on the health of the ocean and the effects of climate change. + h' O' G* L0 ]2 `
除了帮助保护鲸鱼,“智能”浮标还收集关于海洋健康和气候变化影响的数据。 ) ]2 b' U8 P$ E* I |+ x
The group plans to place a series of buoys along the path whales take on trips from Antarctica to the equator.
* Y& u& M6 e8 h# D 该组织计划在鲸鱼从南极洲到赤道的路线上放置一系列浮标。 " f/ D# ]2 I( [0 \
The Gulf of Corcovado is rich in sea life, including a large number of blue whales, as well as sei and Southern right whales. 4 l1 j7 Y1 E' d8 |+ Z' ]# E
科尔科瓦多湾的海洋生物丰富,包括大量的蓝鲸,以及西鲸和南露脊鲸。
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All these whales are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
4 p( u4 O) z' c/ b$ }, Z 根据《濒危物种法》,所有这些鲸鱼都被列为濒危物种。 6 \ b2 X* K+ o& x% r0 ^7 f) s
The areas whale population is largest during the summer season in the Southern Hemisphere. , T9 ~, C9 J( _- v9 _
该地区的鲸鱼数量在南半球的夏季是最多的。
4 { C& W2 K- }& s In 2008, Chile banned whaling activities, including whaling for scientific purposes.
+ c# J* M3 H5 k1 D e* d 2008年,智利禁止捕鲸活动,包括用于科学目的捕鲸。 / A% i3 i& j0 i! ~" V8 j
The country has established a number of protected areas for whales and other endangered species. / X7 d6 ^! b8 A1 ^
该国已经为鲸鱼和其他濒危物种建立了一些保护区。 ' N. i$ l- Y9 y5 ^0 a7 f
"This is the beginning of a longer road," said Sonia Espanol, director of the Blue Boat Initiative.
9 E& L( I' \, p “这是一条更漫长道路的开始,”蓝船倡议的负责人索尼娅·埃斯帕诺尔说。 ( M2 |1 o6 a% m1 O8 G, ^
She noted that her team plans to cover the gulf with at least six buoys.
L: S; v) @6 I& }5 q 她指出,她的团队计划用至少六个浮标覆盖整个海湾。
; l" A$ w2 c& o! T- }8 D1 ] "The idea is to be able to cover the entire migratory route of the whales from Antarctica to the equator," Espanol said. % T$ J- e, Y) E
“我们的想法是能够覆盖鲸鱼从南极洲到赤道的整个迁徙路线。”埃斯帕诺尔说。
- m6 ?) O1 D! b The buoy works by using software called Listening to the Deep Ocean Environment (LIDO). 0 Z$ A6 V: c& S4 v) H+ F% b
该浮标的工作原理是使用名为“倾听深海环境”(LIDO)的软件。 # v3 X; K' i% e* x
The device continuously monitors ocean sounds.
9 j; h" g, n; C m7 q 该设备持续监测海洋声音。
8 n* j( S- [* V5 f* n, t It uses AI to identify the kind of whales and where they are in real time. ) B, w# a u$ i1 U/ Q3 |4 ~
它使用人工智能来实时识别鲸鱼的种类和位置。 4 v6 s& E# V$ E6 L) C
It then sends messages to nearby ships so they can reduce noise levels and try to avoid crashes. % j* N9 u# ?/ W" F. N8 }, b
然后它会向附近的船只发送信息,这样他们就可以降低噪音水平,尽量避免碰撞。
- v, j V+ e5 k' r7 A2 N' P1 u+ H2 ^ The buoys also contain sensors to measure water temperatures, oxygen levels and more to predict ocean health and the effects of climate change.
3 ^/ ]! } z% R8 k 浮标还包含传感器,用来测量水温、氧气水平等,以预测海洋健康和气候变化的影响。 ; ]8 v( i$ E+ S5 A! }
That information is expected to be used to help guide public environmental policies. 9 c) i9 O3 D) ] t0 n3 Q; ~
这些信息预计将被用来帮助指导公共环境政策。 % E9 u" B/ c) z0 ^% r# u: p3 t
In the United States, scientists recently deployed a similar whale warning system off Americas west coast. 4 { p F+ X V. ?
在美国,科学家最近在美国西海岸部署了一个类似的鲸鱼预警系统。 # h, d0 Z6 B; m% ]3 J
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That system, called Whale Safe, also uses buoys to identify the presence of whales.
: Y7 ~) s& c6 r 这个被称为“鲸鱼安全”的系统也使用浮标来识别鲸鱼的存在。
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