正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：- w+ Y: Z* L& {) u( w
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
: O6 q. y/ F5 _4 ^1 V/ v: W 2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
3 M- M0 e2 g7 \ 3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.). w% y$ N" Y5 b
4. Background
6 x# l4 I7 z9 G) }- @5 ?5 l 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.) N |. v; z) t6 _$ d
4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
" H: s; c0 c8 L/ b0 B5 l& \& }+ B 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.$ n) G. ]$ \& H0 W- \% j2 V
5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
/ R6 p" }% q$ K/ K$ D+ ?/ @2 I; W% A 6. Summary (1 slide)1 o5 B* t9 D/ R
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.
8 q$ X* d* x# N6 m1 I( j 8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
- v2 Q- [& T2 P) ` 2. Motivation (1 slide)$ ? _/ Z* \" d) q+ Q, N
3. Background (1 slide)3 u1 Q. ]/ ` L$ u
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
7 _# V+ i/ b; W, c. u+ p 5. Results (8 slides)3 k% U% C' R" ^) \1 y! _
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
D$ ~2 g( H; I( M' X 7. Future Work (1 slide) [$ \0 W+ ?" D; b" H' m5 u
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
7 e( g @0 k2 D! G# i 9. Backup Slides
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举个例子：+ J8 `+ f, r. P" M9 L
8 b8 K- q3 r0 O, N3 d* Z" N9 a（1）原则& G1 K0 }: _! c- @/ R* D9 d
首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
& h; T" ?+ E0 x4 eAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...% ?6 c% g5 i! }! b# z; ]
... Never over-estimate your audience...! @4 @ m4 E) P
是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。
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- F& V4 M# R, M$ ?6 {（2）结构
2 t$ X( q$ |/ @3 t9 d; q# V我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：( a0 U+ R8 S0 [3 n; D
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1
+ J6 e: r) K- m以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：
! g% Z- w, ^. [6 q9 T$ G 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
6 }% `" y% }0 `6 ~ 2. Motivation (1 slide)
$ A* K. a) d2 N( M1 S 3. Background (1 slide)
3 x6 ?7 _2 Q: l 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)7 J# K/ p- E) { n6 f! I
5. Results (8 slides)
4 _, s. Y2 @3 i# Q( p( Q2 t 6. Conclusion (1 slide)
. ^* {8 i9 v$ z 7. Future Work (1 slide)
8 r3 _6 i: B4 S; f; } 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
1 p' q! g$ d/ T$ V: I+ U, ]9 W 9. Backup Slides
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7 K8 l K* ]8 @& j' |+ a几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：
8 r, y$ b @- f$ ha. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。! T/ p) o% G8 U
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
+ V3 X: q8 V7 tc. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。
( r* h( C: s' L& Ad. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。) g& W* H' |7 a3 ?3 ~! _9 i
7 r1 ^% D- ?5 |$ o$ ^$ v（3）讲故事7 N2 r( S+ H* W* l
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。6 E6 K! w: J3 B4 d N. p
2 ?) `! K6 A2 I$ J& E: a（4）风格
3 ~8 G! }+ D0 t5 Y我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。& h. V! O P/ X- C& C4 n: b
同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：* _+ d0 j1 c$ G8 M( t4 U v3 t
a. 字体: Aria narrow.
' I4 C T% w B 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 187 c" _, X3 F& A/ Q: i2 P' [
b.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字
: x+ W! q5 k" R8 m8 ]& yc. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。1 k* m2 Y7 P+ c! L- s9 J- A
5 L, _- b0 w/ k8 z0 v. c（5）画图 S* J/ M7 c% N2 S# P+ O
因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：& W: T+ p) x5 l+ U |2 T& Z
www.52ocean.cn
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1 `- y, N9 U: dRef：www.52ocean.cn
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