5 Q7 q8 H7 y/ x' U7 h( \! t9 J很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。 J& j( }( c) f2 [# H) O( ^
1 p7 z) B j3 q在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster
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牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。
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. q: M. q9 [: a* y! n为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。/ t0 b3 g5 T, N* D4 \; ~
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9 L- l! ~" E+ o- |' Z0 PConsider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04
; }% t& Y# u2 `" y《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。
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MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN ( h7 b% e' @8 C. b. D
Verse 1:
5 O6 ]5 }% W6 j6 i5 S0 A$ fConsider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay8 a* B/ F: I. Y# `8 l
Why it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say% Q5 m2 N, g9 ~7 @8 d& M
But did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?
# A N$ D: p" g$ a9 GNow imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away
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Verse 2:6 K1 d3 r: Q6 T1 U$ `9 A" K
When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out
5 m9 n, ]# u* p+ q* p. [0 N1 }Nutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about
; }* e% r1 V: K. z, q `But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth+ |5 n9 C; @9 X
The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out
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Chorus:
9 d7 K1 q6 ?( jOysters – they’re filtering machines. d2 P8 Z5 N W# V# U: I
Oysters – they'll keep the water clean0 J& D" H5 G0 i9 O
Oysters – they’re habitat producers
! _- `6 i0 E1 ?( @9 s3 OOysters – wave energy reducers3 \9 Y2 ]9 { i2 K) K4 u, d
Oysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore+ i, Y% n5 W6 w' S5 ~: S+ Q
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Verse 3:, h' x0 p# m/ S
And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs
4 \/ [% o: w4 A" ^# jThat are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat
2 h6 E3 ?; @2 V# L& m4 E( xYeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat
y, V5 ~5 I2 f wAnd that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat
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Verse 4:& j- K8 x7 O! h! W/ S. i
When oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore0 C% K `9 T8 M8 q0 {# V* p- J) d
This creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more
0 I* C! o1 b6 i9 \They attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar
4 A$ t* O& o3 C' H1 C) IThe rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
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Chorus:
g+ a& A5 H# ]6 f- P1 a* hOysters – they’re filtering machines3 l' I9 {% D6 w
Oysters – help keep the water clean
: y7 E' f) ~: ~ X8 aOysters – they’re habitat producers- T6 M/ z" ?, o$ L, O
Oysters – wave energy reducers
! h+ y( n9 L( c4 m. I0 n dOysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore
6 p' I; q/ C9 {8 W牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!
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世界海洋日 ) ?' p6 y' c: w" ?3 g" h% ]/ u W R
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。
* ]# D0 K, a# V9 A/ \该文章来源互联网,如有侵权请联系删除
4 g, M4 n$ Y: ^4 ?查看原文:www.52ocean.cn |